Rule 11 Playing a wrong ball
Frank carefully plays Blue and then says, "Rubbish, I don't follow Red.  Hold on a moment - Red played after Black, so it is not my fault - Red oughtta be penalised!"  Red happens to be a Senior Referee (over pensionable age?) and is confused by Frank's rhetoric.  What is the correct decision?
11(b)(1): In a singles game - no points are scored and any balls movged are replaced and the striker then plays the correct ball.

Rule 5 & Rule 10 and experimental handicap rule
In a handicap game, under the new rule where hoops may be made with an extra turn, I start from corner 4, as usual, and get right in front of hoop1.  I take an extra turn and make the hoop ending up in front of hoop 2.  With another 2 or 3  extra turns I get to hoop 4.  Are the balls not yet played into the game offside?
The experimental rule does not affect rules 5 or 10. Rule 5 says how a game starts.  Official ruling 5.2 states that balls are outside agencies until they are played into the game - as such they cannot be offside.

Rule 7(a)
From the non-playing side of a hoop, my ball goes right through the hoop, hits a ball on the other side and somehow comes back right through the hoop.  Has my ball scored the hoop?
Rule 7(b) says the ball completes running the hoop if it stops clear etc.  The ball in the example has not scored the hoop because it did not stop in a position whereby it had scored the hoop

Rule 9(a)
There are a lot of date-palm kernels on the lawn.  Can I remove them?  What if one of the confounded things causes me to miss a hoop or an opponent's ball?
9(a) defines loose impediments - they may be removed.  Rule 9(d) says that loose impediments are not outside agencies - if I fail to remove one of the confounded things there is no recourse to outside agency rules.

Rule 7(e)
My ball is jammed in a hoop.  What happens now?  When would I choose not to replay the stroke?
The hoop is adjusted.  I may choose to replay (after replacing any balls moved) or leave things as they are.  If the jamming had occurred after a long shot and there was no chance of the opponent jumping the ball or knocking it out then it may be prudent not to attempt a replay

Rule 10(b)
My opponent runs hoop 11 with Blue.  Other balls are nearby.  I run hoop 12 with a long shot.  Are the balls by hoop 11 offside?
Unless the balls got to their position as a result of the actions listed under rule 10(b), then the balls are offside.

Rules 11(b)(3) & 11(c); Commentary 11(c)(ii)
I am Red in a doubles game.  Blue plays and I then play Black.  What happens now if my opponents (i) have not played and (ii) if one had played?  If an opponent had played it must be a wrong ball.  Why?